1 FAQ FAQ 1. WHAT IS HYDRANTULA? Hydrantula is an intuitive modular system for building underwater or in tidal-zone: piers, berths, foundations, coastal fortiﬁcations, etc. In fact, it’s oversize constructor made of plastic modules that are assembled into a durable 3D mold for concreting. And the concrete is cast right at ﬁnal location and in one go. Without heavy machinery or lengthy preparatory work to drain the construction site. As a result, the capital concrete construction, which usually takes months, can be completed in a couple of weeks with very modest resources. 2. WHO IS HYDRANTULA DESIGNED FOR? Hydrantula is designed for people and organizations who need a fast, clear, and cost-eﬀective way to build something by the water. This solution is suitable for private owners of estate by the sea, river or lake, as well as for companies, developers and communities.

2 3. WHAT ARE ALTERNATIVE (COMPETING) TECHNOLOGIES? * Floating concrete pontoons * Pile ﬁelds (steel, concrete, drilling, wooden) * Larssen SheetPile * Trammie casting of concrete on the bottom. * Pre-cast concrete (tetrapods, gravity retaining walls) * Roll-jn aluminum structures (sliding piers and boatlifts). * Sea Gabions (cribbs) * Rip Rap The youngest of these technologies is 70 years old. The oldest is known for 5,000 years. 4. IS THE SURFACE OF HYDRANTULA OVERGROWN WITH SHELLS AND ALGAE? In the middle latitudes and in clean water, polyethylene surfaces grow completely in 2-3 years. They grow most quickly in the area of the waterline. Composite elements grow much worse. 5. IS THERE ANY REBAR/ARMOR INSIDE THE PIPES AND WHAT KIND? Rebar packs of 3-4 joint must be installed inside all of the beams (tubes). Composite (basalt or ﬁberglass) reinforcement is recommended in seawater. Galvanized steel or epoxy-enameled rods are allowed in fresh water. 6. HOW DOES THE REBAR «FIT» INSIDE PIPES AND FITTINGS (NODE)? It is recommended to use holders made of composite or plastic clamps. Inside nodes, the overlap of the rebar packs is ensured without their mutual ﬁxation.

3 7. WHAT IS «PULL_UP» ROD AND WHY ARE THEY WIDELY USED IN HYDRANTULA? All beams in the 3D frame can work either in tension or compression. On land, beams (columns, piles) are made of reinforced concrete and work simultaneously for compression and tension, since gravity is the dominant force, and all other forces (wind load, vibrations) are negligible in comparison with it. In water, the forces acting on the structure are much more diverse and the creation of lightweight and inexpensive «pull ups» acting only on tension becomes reasonable. Hydrantula is designed by analogy with a massage couch, where a lot of thin cables create high volume rigidity, with minimal use of wood. However, in severe ice conditions, it is recommended to abandon traction or use stainless steel rods. 8. HOW DOES HYDRANTULA ATTACH TO THE BOTTOM? WHAT IS A FREE STAND? Since the seabed usually does not freeze and there are no frost heaving forces, it does not make much sense to deepen the marine foundation. Deep immersion of marine piles is caused by the need to securely «pinch» them in an upright position and provide load-bearing capacity due to the low friction force on wet ground. The bearing capacity of the Hydrantula base is provided by the high area of the «sleds», which exert minimal pressure on the ground. The volumetric rigidity of the 3D truss allows you to abandon the inseparable connection with the seabed while maintaining the stability of the structure. This revolutionary Free-Stand approach makes Hydrantula technology very unique. 9. WHY IS HYDRANTULA STANDING AT THE BOTTOM AND NOT MOVING? The lower tier of Hydrantula beams eventually sinks into the sand or silt and acts as an anchor, preventing sliding along the bottom.

4 10. IS HYDRANTULA COMPATIBLE WITH STILTS? WHICH PILES ARE BETTER TO USE? Hydrantula can be installed on concreted plastic jet-sunk piles welded to the lower tier, which are immersed in soft sandy soil using a hydraulic gun. The structure can also be «put on» over the shafts of screw piles. In both cases, these jobs require highly qualiﬁed and accurate personnel. 11. DOES HYDRANTULA SINK IN THE BOTTOM SAND? During stormy weather, the rapid ﬂow of water, colliding with Hydrantula, causes the lower tier of beams (sleds) to sink into the sand. This process stops after the lower tier of the beams is completely immersed in the sand. 12. WHAT IS A WASHOUT FUNNEL AND HOW TO DEAL WITH IT? Many inexperienced builders of private embankments and focks believe that for the success of an enterprise it is quite enough to cast a thick monolithic wall out of concrete - say a meter thick - that’s the ﬁnished pier! Such a structure, although strong enough to withstand the impact of waves, is not a guarantee of long-term success. A few years later, the builders are surprised to discover that the pier is «washed away from below» and it falls into the sea or «hangs on stilts.» And the shore behind the seawall is actively collapsing and crumbling. Moreover, not only sandy or clay soil can be washed away, but even pebbles the size of a ﬁst. The sea waves that strike monotonously against the mooring wall 24/365 do not disappear «to nowhere». Part of the energy (50%) goes to splashes and vertical fountains of water, part to abrasive abrasion of concrete. And the other half hits the bottom under the pier with force and erodes the seabed soil under its foundation. The strong eﬀect persists to a depth of about 4 meters.

5 Only mooring walls with a depth of 5 meters or more usually do not suﬀer from a «washout funnel». To slow down the process of bottom erosion, you need to either build a wide horizontal «bottom» screen made of durable material (concrete, steel). Or tilt the mooring wall «away from the sea» by an angle of 30°-45° to redistribute most of the wave energy from the bottom to the top of the structure. Or replace a smooth wall with a complex shape that will eﬀectively dissipate the energy of the wave. And the best thing is to apply all three measures at once. And provide for auto-ﬁlling of the washout funnel with pebbles (boulders) made of gabion without a bottom or backﬁlling behind the wall. Hydrantula systems based on the U60 Jetty ﬁtting have a «log» wall with an inclination of 30°, which approximately halves the load on the bottom due to the scattering and reﬂection of wave energy upward. It can auto-ﬁll the washout funnel with pebbles from backﬁlling and is equipped with a bottom shelf. In addition, the U60 designs have long rear outriggers and a shelf in the front as a blind area, which will prevent the structure from tipping over into the sea with minimal backﬁlling care. 13. WHAT SHOULD I DO IF THE BOTTOM IS UNEVEN? HYDRANTULA systems are very easy to assemble. The most diﬃcult thing is to ﬁnd or create a ﬂat bottom for their installation. Since all Hydrantula systems are geometrically regular 3D trusses, they need a ﬂat bottom to stand «level». * If you own a large enough aquatoria, we recommend that you look for a relatively ﬂat area that can be brought to perfection with a hydraulic gun or an excavator riding a barge. Sometimes you just need to consider a plot of the water 3-5 meters further from the beach, where the bottom is usually much smoother. * If the entire water area has a pronounced, uniform slope, then this curvature can be compensated by vertical pillars directly below the deck or at the very bottom of the structure (below the lower tier of the truss). * If you can hire a barge with bottom clamps and an excavator with a «long arm» bucket, then you can simply dig out a perfectly ﬂat area immediately

6 before installing the structure. The site will inevitably be swept away in storms, but the structure will already be standing by level. * Sometimes the situation is ruined by one or two huge boulders at the bottom. They can be «ﬁshed out» with a crane or a bulldozer onto a seine made of steel cables and removed beyond the boundaries of the construction site or even pulled ashore. * Screw piles twisted inside the Hydrantula support column can be used to ﬁx columns hanging in the air (sagging). * Small sagges can be corrected by laying stone slabs for paving under the supporting columns. To summarize: in most cases, bottom defects can be ﬁxed. 14. IS HYDRANTULA SUSCEPTIBLE TO ICE-DAMAGE? The ice around the load-bearing columns freezes ﬁrst in autumn and forms a protective «iceberg» around the structure, which protects it from some ice movements typical of lakes, slow valley rivers and sea bays. High-quality concrete can withstand hundreds of freezing cycles. The degree of stability of the structure during ice drift on Arctic rivers has not been studied. 15. HOW ARE HDPE TUBES CONNECTED TO LLDPE FITTINGS? The main methods of connecting tubes to ﬁttings are butt or socket welding [with diﬀerent heating times for connecting parts], as well as welding with a manual extruder. HDPE pipes need to be heated to temperatures about 20°C higher than LLDPE ﬁttings. This is ensured by the diﬀerent heating times of the parts. Auxiliary and temporary ﬁxing methods are rivets and self-tapping screws. 16. WHICH PIPES ARE USED IN HYDRANTULA STRUCTURES? New plumbing or «recycled» HDPE tubes with a wall thickness 8...12 mm are recommended.

7 Tubes with too thick wall will be diﬃcult to weld with a ﬁtting, and their excessive weight will complicate the assembly and installation of the ﬁnished formwork in water. Recycled pipes welding complicated by impurities and the resulting seam is less durable, however, usually the strength of the recycled seam is suﬃcient for Hydrantula purposes. 17. WILL HORIZONTAL PIPES (BEAMS) SAG WHEN FILLED WITH FRESH CONCRETE? When using skewers (that is, pipes passing through the ﬁtting) or with high- quality welding of the pipe butts to a tight-ﬁtting cuﬀ, a «bamboo eﬀect» occurs. A pipe with «compressed» and scalded butts acquires increased rigidity and almost does not sag. At the same time, it is recommended to use a pipe with a wall of increased thickness and/or supports for free consoles. 18. WHAT KIND OF CONCRETE IS REQUIRED? HOW LONG DOES IT SET? Marine (sulfate-resistant) concrete B30-B35 with increased ﬂuidity is recommended, mixed with 5-10mm crushed stone and with additives of silica or ﬂy ash (up to 20 kg/cubic meter) and basalt ﬁber (up to 1.5 kg/cubic meter), It is recommended to use an improved superplasticizer and anti- washing additives. In some cases, it will be appropriate to replace most of the reinforcement with stainless ﬁber (up to 25 kg/cubic meter). The ﬁrst 8 hours are the most critical, when fresh concrete does not yet get any strength, and the formwork is maximally loaded with concrete weight. The full strength of concrete is set within 28 days. 19. WHERE IS THE CONCRETING CARRIED OUT - ON THE SHORE OR IN THE WATER? Except for to the simplest structures, concreting of structures already installed in a permanent place in the water is highly recommended. 20. WHY DOES IT MAKE NO SENSE TO ACHIEVE PERFECT WATER TIGHTNESS OF THE FORMWORK? To prevent the empty formwork from turning over or breaking during concreting, it must be pre-ﬂooded so that it stands with its entire footprint on the bottom before concreting begins. Therefore, the tightness of the structure will only complicate its ﬂooding and the release of air trapped in the pockets. To avoid the formation of «traps» - that is, large bubbles of trapped air or water at the upper points of horizontal beams, it is recommended to create small diameter holes (diam 4-6mm) for the smooth descent of air and water from the beams.

8 21. WHAT IS WET CONCRETING? This is a method of concreting under pressure into a pre-ﬂooded formwork. The concrete is fed «from bottom to top». At the same time, «heavy» concrete mixes little with «light» water and displaces it through the upper edge of the formwork - by a free overﬂow. For this method of concreting, the concrete pipe[s] is connected via a GrooveLock connector to one or more lower points of the formwork, after which the concrete is slowly pumped into the cavity until the water is completely displaced. Some quantity of the highly «liqueﬁed» concrete is also displaced from the formwork by overﬂow. In jurisdictions with strict environmental requirements, dirty water is diverted from the formwork to the shore through a GrooveLock at the top of the formwork. During marine concreting, it is recommended to desalinate the formwork by pumping 200-300% of fresh water [from its internal volume] into it. If the concrete pipeline is long, it is recommended to pump 0.3/0.5 cubic meters of liquid cement mortar with a lubricant to lubricate the formwork pipes and the concrete pipeline before pumping marine grade concrete. 22. IS IT POSSIBLE TO CONCRET STRUCTURES IN PARTS? When concreting into dry formwork, concreting is allowed at short intervals (no more than 45 minutes). In wet concreting, the concreting process must be continuous from start to ﬁnish. 4+ hours pauses should be considered as casting failure. 23. WHY IS WET CONCRETING RECOMMENDED RATHER THAN DRY FLOATING FORMWORK CONCRETING? When concrete is fed into a dry ﬂoating formwork, there is a risk of uneven distribution of concrete masses inside the formwork, causing a strong inclination and the tipping of the entire structure to one side or its fracture. In addition, the formation of buble traps cannot be completely avoided in a sealed formwork. In the case of immediately «sunk» dry formwork (under the weight of steel reinforcement), there are no contraindications for dry concreting! However, it is required to tap all horizontal beams immediately after concreting to search for buble traps and make emergency descents for air from the bubbles with an awl and mallet. In any case, it is necessary to carefully vibrate the entire structure. 24. HOW DOES FRESH CONCRETE GET INSIDE THE FORMWORK? WHAT IS GROOVELOCK? Each Hydrantula ﬁtting has a special GrooveLock connector (ﬂange). One of the three diameters is 5½ (DIN125) or 4½ (DIN100) or 3½(DIN65). In addition, some ﬁttings have a Camlock 75 connector for supplying ﬁber cement mortar and a 25mm herringbone for desalination with fresh water. During concreting, a standard GrooveLock clamp is ﬁtted to the «drilled» in advance ﬂange, to which a cast iron or rubber reusable concrete pipe or a sacriﬁcial HDPE concrete pipe is attached.

9 25. WHAT PRESSURE OF CONCRETE CAN THE FITTINGS WITHSTAND FROM THE INSIDE? 2.5 - 3 bar depending on the ﬁtting model, grade of polyethylene and other conditions. Attention! Concreting is prohibited at water temperatures below +6 ° C, since chilled polyethylene parts are brittle and the probability of destruction of the formwork is high. Pipes withstand pressure according to SDR: SDR26 = 6.3 bar SDR33 = 5 bar For recycled pipes, a strength coeﬃcient of 0.7 should be taken against pipes from brand new raw materials. 26. WHY DO SOME OF THE HYDRANTULA STRUCTURES FORM POCKETS TO FILL WITH ROCK? Rock ﬁlling greatly increases the inert weight of the structure, ensures uniform energy dissipation of sea waves. Groundwater drainage and «auto- ﬁlling» of the washed-out voids in the sandy bottom (wave funnels) with sagging rock are provided. Rock ﬁlling makes the structure more reliable, stronger and more durable for relatively little money. 27. WHAT FRACTION OF ROCK IS USED FOR BACKFILLING? Booth. That is, the stones are the size of a soccer ball. A larger fraction can destroy (damage) the structure when ﬁlled in. It is allowed to use large crushed stone fractions of 20-40mm when duplicating sea walls with synthetic geotextiles resistant to seawater. 28. IS POLYETHYLENE SUSCEPTIBLE TO ICE, SAND AND SALT WATER? Polyethylene is insensitive to corrosion in seawater. Unlike steel or concrete, ice does not adhere ﬁrm to polyethylene. The strength of the contact layer turns out to be much less than that of polyethylene, so ice, as a rule, cannot damage the plastic, which reliably rests on the concrete core of the structure. The exception is the separation of plastic fragments by poorly anchored composite rods. But in the presence of voids and non-spills, the water freezing in them can break the polyethylene, which is fragile in the cold, above the water level. Polyethylene is susceptible to abrasion by sand during storms, however, this process usually takes decades. 29. HOW MUCH DOES THE AVERAGE FITTING WEIGH? How much does it take up space during transportation? From 2 to 25 kg. When calculating the required volume for transporting a ﬁtting in a batch, it is recommended to proceed from the arithmetic mean of the internal volume of the ﬁtting and its size WxDxH (these data are available in catalogs).

10 30. WHY NOT REMOVE THE FORMWORK AFTER SETTING THE CONCRETE? It is really not diﬃcult to make a split beam formwork (instead of pipes), but in this case the dimensions of the structure will have to be ﬁxed so as not to cut the formwork into a new size each time. But the formwork of the ﬁttings will have to consist of many separate collapsible parts (at least according to the number of incoming pipes). Dismantling such a structurally complex formwork underwater will be several times more expensive than producing a new non-removable disposable ﬁtting. In addition, such work creates an increased injury risk for divers. Nevertheless, linear cracks or small chips obtained by the formwork after setting the concrete have almost no eﬀect on the performance of the structure. 31. WHY IS THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF HYDRANTULA 3-5 TIMES LESS THAN THAT OF COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES? When calculating the carbon footprint, energy consumption for the production of raw materials (steel, concrete, plastic, composite) is usually taken into account. The weight of the raw materials required for the structure and the fuel consumption of construction equipment during transportation and installation of the structure. The carbon footprint during dismantling and the service life of the structure [i.e., the carbon footprint per year] can also be taken into account. More than 85% of the weight of the ﬁnished Hydrantula structure is concrete, which has the lowest carbon footprint (130 kg/ton) among long lasting alternatives (steel 2000 kg/ton, composite 4000 kg/ton, polyethylene 1300 kg/ton). Due to the optimized geometry of the Hydrantula [3D truss] overall material consumption is much lower if compare with functionally similar pile ﬁeld or large monoliths (bulls, tetrapods). Unlike steel sheet piling or steel pipes (piles), only Hydrantula ﬁttings are subject to long-distance transportation, whose weight in the ﬁnal structure is no more than 5-7%. The consumption of machine hours of heavy construction equipment during the installation of Hydrantula is no more than 10% of the installation of a functionally similar sheet pile structure. A number of Hydrantula coastal protection structures use rock ﬁlling with almost zero carbon footprint, instead of enforcing back concreting (sheet piling or tube piles). Thus, signiﬁcant carbon emissions reduction are provided at all stages. 32. WHY DOESN’T PLASTIC FORMWORK GENERATE OCEAN MICROPLASTICS? Hydrantula formworks are not a signiﬁcant source of ocean microplastics. More than 88% of all microplastics in the Ocean occur when packaging ﬁlms, bags, and synthetic ﬁbers (propylene ropes, discarded ﬁshing nets, synthetic fabrics, and nonwoven materials such as wet wipes) break down. Thin- walled plastic beverage bottles and disposable tableware account for about 10% more. In general, household waste, composite products and ﬁshing nets generate about 99% of all microplastics in the Ocean. Massive plastic products (such as buoys) are destroyed hundreds of times slower and do not signiﬁcantly contribute to microplastic pollution in the water area.

11 33. WHICH SPECIALISTS ARE NEEDED TO INSTALL HYDRANTULA? * plumbers (polyethylene welding, pipe cutting). * installers * schwing man * crane operators (operators of truck manipulators) * measurers * estimators and drafters of the bill of materials and pipe cutting scheme. 34. WHY IS HYDRANTULA CHEAPER THAN COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES? * Compact design. The heaviest ﬁtting is 25 kg. Pallet delivery of ﬁttings by minivan or pick-up and manual installation of semi-ﬁnished structures is possible. * You do not need a longhaul truck to deliver pipes, as they can be cut to size at the factory, according to the calculation. * Don’t need a barge at all! This is a huge saving! * The crane is only needed for a few hours and you can order not a barge- crane (ﬂoating crane), but an ordinary truck based crane. * Polyethylene welding equipment, a hand-held extruder and hand tools are negligible compared to the cost of a barge with a crane and other construction equipment for driving sheet piles. * 90% of the works are dry and are done on the shore. This reduces the impact of the weather and increases the number of full-time working days. It also increases the duration of the construction season. * Long interval between maintenance and repair of marine structures. 35. WHAT TOOLS ARE NEEDED TO BUILD HYDRANTULA? Except for personal protective equipment (goggles, leather gloves, respirators) A hand tool is required to work with plastic and composite reinforcement: * manual PE extruder * drill with crowns and mills * electric jigsaw or sabel saw * electric screwdriver * angle grinder * 280+mm electric pipe cutter * 280+mm butt welder * construction air gun or gas torch Pipe mounting tool: * Hi-jack * talrep * chain wrench * sledgehammer * level and roulette ruler, marker * slings and chains * tongs for mounting fuel ﬁlters on 160

12 Tools for knitting reinforcement and compacting concrete: * vibrator compactor with a mace * rebar hook 36. HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO ASSEMBLE THE STRUCTURE? WHAT KIND OF WORFORCE ARE NEEDED ? A team of three people can fully implement the project in about 2 weeks. In addition to the polyethylene welding skills of one of the workers, no special skills are required. 37. WHAT IS THE SHARE OF FITTINGS IN THE COST OF THE FINISHED STRUCTURE? No more than 30% 38. What is a binary socket? This is a socket for connecting a beam (pipe) to a truss node (ﬁtting), which can be in two states «disabled/plugged» or «on». Moreover, all binary sockets come from the factory turned oﬀ and the ﬁtting is «conﬁgured» for the position in the 3D frame by workers during assembly. 39. What is a «skewer» and a «skewer assembly»? A skewer is a pipe (beam) passing through one or more ﬁttings as a single unit (not as two or more separate pipe segments). At the same time, a window is made in the pipe wall (inside the ﬁtting) suﬃcient for joint concreting with the ﬁtting into a single concrete monolith. To use skewers, the ﬁtting design must have coaxial sleeves or binary sockets and provide dome side oﬀset to eliminate the mechanical conﬂict of several beams with each other. Skewer assembly signiﬁcantly increases the rigidity and strength of the empty formwork and facilitates the assembly of several ﬁttings or planes (semi- ﬁnished formwork) into a single 3D truss, although it requires additional work on stringing ﬁttings onto a skewer. 40. WHY IS HYDRANTULA’S «MULTISTORY» SO IMPORTANT? WHAT ARE ISOTOPIC LOADS? The strength and rigidity of the beam decreases very quickly with the lengthening of the span. Doubling the span requires a 4-fold increase in beam stiﬀness to compensate. Under water, there are numerous loads and forces acting from diﬀerent directions - these are anisotropic loads. Therefore, marine piles designed for depths of 10-15-20 meters, as a rule, have a diameter of more than a meter with sophisticated reinforcement using prestretched cables, steel pipes, a huge amount of rebar and a very thick steel shell. These are complex, expensive and very demanding products. By reducing the span to 3 meters, it would be possible to reduce material consumption by 7 times. But installing a full-ﬂedged 3D steel truss underwater is no easier than installing a giant pile. Hydrantula allows you to create underwater 3D concrete frames quickly, cheaply and relatively simply.

13 41. HOW MANY HYDRANTULA FITTINGS ARE EXIST? At the end of 2025, there are about 55 units, and every year this number is growing by about 25%. 42. WHAT CAN BE ASSEMBLED FROM HYDRANTULA? In addition to traditional structures such as piers, wharfs, breakwaters, boatlifts and boathouses, Hydrantula can be used to create a number of innovative products.: * Terraced retaining walls. * Terraced beaches * Sea Gabbio * Sea Causeway * Boat Cooperatives (Boat Condo) * Wet Garages * Deep-water ramps (Boat Ramp) * Sea Camping * Bathing platforms (Swimming Pad) * Pile forest * Wet keelblock * Cribbs * Sea Hammock 43. WHAT IS THE SERVICE LIFE OF HYDRANTULA? It depends on the storm and/or ice load of the awuatoria, rebar type used inside beams, and the salinity of the water. The average life is 60 years. 44. WHY IS A LONG SERVICE LIFE IMPORTANT FOR EVALUATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF A PRODUCT? Many customers believe that use of «green» materials such as lumber guarantees a responsible attitude towards Nature. Unfortunately, the low carbon footprint of lumber while its extremely short- lived in water (8...12 years) - does not create any «green eﬀect». Endless repairs of rotten piles, including using barges, excavators, pile hammers and epoxy repair sleeves, kill all the «eco-economy». And the use of composite decks and chemical poisons to impregnate wood also makes such buildings toxic, as well as sources of micro-contamination. 45. IS IT POSSIBLE TO DISMANTLE HYDRANTULA? Although alternative technologies can be also repaired or dismantled, the cost of such work can be 10 or more times higher than the cost of new construction. In this case, rotted sheetpile tongue and groove or pipes may become unworkable to the vibration extraction. Just leave-and-forget steel underwater stumps won’t work either - there may be, for example, a high-speed collision with a boat or an aquabike - the damage to life or property from such accident can cost hundreds of thousands or millions of usd. Hydrantula structures do not have a strong connection with the bottom and can be removed «in one piece» using a barge-crane.

14 46. WHAT IS THE TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP? This is the cost of build up the structure plus the cost of all works to maintain it in good condition throughout its entire service life. Plus, work on dismantling (demolition) of the structure at the end of operation and removal of construction debris. For many structures made of concrete, sheet piling or piles, the cost of dismantling and debris removal can be more than 10 times the cost of new such construction. And for wooden structures, numerous intermediate repairs (on average once every 8 years) over a period of 50 years are usually 2-3 times more expensive than new construction. Due to the plastic shell and the lack of a strong connection to the bottom, Hydrantula structures have a record low total cost of ownership. Including their relatively aﬀordable dismantling. 47. WHAT IS STEPLESS SCALABLE? WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? Unlike the vast majority of existing formeorks, Hydrantula does not have rigid dimensions [say 40x120 cm]. Therefore, the same ﬁtting can be used in structures of diﬀerent heights or widths. This reduces the required product range tenfold and simpliﬁes distribution and logistics. 48. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT THAT AN EMPTY HYDRANTULA FORMWORK WEIGHS ONLY 15% OF THE WEIGHT OF THE FINISHED STRUCTURE? The key advantage of Hydrantula is the extremely low density of the ﬁnished empty formwork - about 30 kg/m3, with excellent elasticity of the structural material and high volume rigidity of the 3D welded plastic truss. This makes it possible to assemble huge monolithic structures on land, lift them with a crane and install into the water, the weight of 3D trusses increases 8-10 times after ﬁlling with concrete. No competing technologies (except Cribbs) have such a weight diﬀerence. Their installation requires heavy construction equipment on barges or vacant and accessible shore, which is not a pity to turn into a desert landscape. 49. WHY DOES ONSHORE ASSEMBLY SAVE MONEY AND TIME? Workers driving piles with a vibrating loader from a barge must be insured and have licenses to operate such equipment. To avoid accidents and defects, they also require many years of experience. At the same time, work in strong winds, rain or waves should be stopped for safety reasons. In many northern waters, the construction season is quite short, as long-term work up to the waist in icy water is impossible. 50. IS HYDRANTULA PRONE TO CORROSION? As a rule, Hydrantula structures do not contain metals, which means there is no corrosion. When using basalt reinforcement and marine concrete, there

15 will also be no osmosis eﬀect. In cases where part of the reinforcement is steel, the rate of corrosion strongly depends on the quality of the concrete work, the tightness of the formwork and the salinity of the water. For freshwater reservoirs using galvanized or epoxy enameled steel ﬁttings, with strict adherence to technology - corrosion will not signiﬁcantly aﬀect the service life of the structure. 51. WHAT IS SLR? SLR = Sea Level Rise. A set of problems related to the increase in seawater volume as a result of melting of land ice and thermal expansion of seawater. An increase in the amount of steam in the atmosphere or the strength and speed of winds and currents. SLR requires total protection of the entire coast, and on time. It imposes extremely stringent requirements on cost and durability. 52. WHY IS THE ABSENCE OF NOISE DURING INSTALLATION IMPORTANT LEGAL MATTER? Hammering piles with a vibrating pusher or a diesel hammer causes not only a strong, annoying noise, but can also cause cracks in neighboring buildings and structures, as well as disrupt the fragile aquatic ecosystem, stir up silt, and frighten birds or marine mammals. Disrupt the aquifers. No one will like the prospect of living (relaxing) by the sea for weeks or months under the clang of metal. There will be plenty of people willing to ﬁle a complaint or challenge the legality of a work permit. Complaints may become grounds for a temporary (during the tourist season) or permanent ban on noisy work. You may incur losses or you may never even achieve your goals. 53. IS HYDRANTULA A PATENTED PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY? There are two international patents for the invention, valid in 30+ countries (key markets). As well as several patented industrisl designs registered in 40+ countries around the world.

ANNIVERSARY OF UNICORN ANNIVERSARY OF UNICORN 44TH TH 11 Why HYDRANTULA Why HYDRANTULA Is a Breakthrough — Is a Breakthrough — and and Why It’s Only Appearing Now? Why It’s Only Appearing Now? HYDRANTULA permanent formwork competes directly with multiple established shoreline and marine construction methods—piles, retaining walls, sheet piling, concrete pontoons, and aluminum deck structures. What makes it diﬀerent? HYDRANTULA dramatically lowers the cost and complexity of building 3D marine concrete frames, bringing them out of the realm of oil & gas megaprojects and into reach for mid-sized developers, marinas, and residential coastal construction. So why hasn’t this «obvious» solution been around for decades? Because it wasn’t obvious—until now. Let’s ﬁgure it out. 1 1 FAQ FAQ H ydrantula is the only low-cost 3D marine concrete frame technology. Unlike piles, up to 35% of all work can be done inside workshop. And about 90% of the total work is dry. And are carried out on shore without involving heavy machinery or barges. Hydrantula installation is virtually silent and less susceptible to the vagaries of the weather. Hydrantula is almost insensitive to the type of bottom soil. 1. What are we selling? HYDRANTULA develops, manufactures and sells permanent [non-removable] formwork for casting concrete underwater or in the tide zone. The ready-to-cast concrete formwork consists of original connecting elements [ﬁttings or nodes] and beams made of regular HDPE plumbing pipes. 2. What exactly are you selling and what will need to buy separately? *We sell technology. In a narrow sense, we only sell ﬁttings = connecting nodes of the 3D frame. Beams are made from standard plumbing pipes; sea concrete, rebar and microﬁber are also widely available mass products and purchased locally HYDRANTULA FITTING CATALOGUE 2025 WHERE DOES HYDRANTULA HAVE NO ANY PRACTICAL ALTERNATIVES? US ONE JUMP TO PARADISE nnovative ermanent nderwater ormwork hydrantula.com sales@hydrantula.com 38160 Fox Run Drive Solon OH, 44139 USA One Jump to Paradise One Jump to Paradise OCEANFRONT HOUSE OWNERSHIP GUIDE PROJECT: HYDRANTULA INVESTOR MEMORANDUM ONE JUMP TO PARADISE nnovative ermanent nderwater ormwork CORPORATE SUSTAINABLE 1.Технология HYDRANTULA разработана с учетом мак- симально возможного сокращения доли «мокрых» ра- бот - забивания свай в морское дно, работ с барж, сва- рочных и монтажных работ над водой; водолазных работ и тп. Эти категории работ всегда несут повышенные риски для работни- ков. Требуют более высокой квалификации и дисциплины. 2.В отличие от других видов морских строительных тех- нологий - отсутствует «прочная» связь строительной конструкции с дном - она «просто стоит» на дне. Конструкцию технически можно убрать целиком, не раз- рушая (хоть это и дорого). Как известно, одна из главных сложностей в морском строительстве - невозможность или невероятная трудоемкость сноса устаревших или износившихся морских конструкций, путем их разрушения на https://tinyurl.com/UNICOR4 https://tinyurl.com/HydCAT https://tinyurl.com/H-GOLD https://tinyurl.com/HYD250 https://tinyurl.com/HydART https://tinyurl.com/H-SARK https://tinyurl.com/H-FREEZ https://tinyurl.com/HYCORE https://tinyurl.com/HydASS https://tinyurl.com/H-OCEAN https://tinyurl.com/H-MEMO https://tinyurl.com/HydFAQ https://tinyurl.com/HydBRZ https://tinyurl.com/H-MEDAL https://tinyurl.com/H-SUST

17 hydrantu.la hydrantula sales@hydrantula.com hydrantula oleg-kuchma-70a601277 boss@hydrantu.la